Archive for January, 2010

Identify new targets for HIV vaccine

Saturday, January 23rd, 2010

identify new targets for HIV vaccine

Researchers led by the AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa have shown that HIV-infected cells when they generate proteins also create other defective viruses that cause an immune response, detection that identifies new therapeutic targets for the development of HIV vaccine.

The study, published in ‘Journal of Experimental Medicine,’ also shows that in the laboratory, the immune response created is able to block the virus infection cycle.

Research professor and researcher IrsiCaixa Icrea, Christian Brander, has coordinated a research group with members IrsiCaixa Harvard University in Boston, of Microsoft Research and the British Columbia, Canada, with the aim of find new targets. Brander is also currently the scientific coordinator of a research program of HIV vaccine called HIVACAT. (more…)

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The Ebola Virus (part 2)

Friday, January 22nd, 2010

the ebola virusTreatment

The Ebola virus, like all viruses “hot”, no cure and no specific treatment. The treatment used today is to maintain the life of the person by methods of resuscitation (CPR, artificial respiration) and control bleeding as far as possible.

As for a vaccine, investigations are underway but these are complicated because we still do not know all the proteins of the virus and because there are only 2 or three laboratories equipped to work with a virus such as these.

These laboratories are located in the U.S. and Russia, and the best known are the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) in Atlanta, Georgia, and USAMRIID (United Estates Infectius Army Medical Research of Diseases, Research Center for Infectious Diseases Army U.S. rough translation). (more…)

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The Ebola Virus (part 1)

Thursday, January 21st, 2010

the ebola virusThe Ebola virus is the most deadly filoviruses known. The family of filoviruses (filamentous virus) includes the four classes of Marburg and Ebola viruses. These 4 types (or strains) are called Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, Ebola Reston and Ebola Tai Forest (Ebola Ivory Coast). The worst is the Zaire Ebola kills nine in ten people infected. Sudan remains the strain with a mortality rate of 60%. It is unclear whether the latest strains cause human deaths (not killed any humans). This virus was discovered in Africa . It takes its name from the Ebola River in the current DRC (then Zaire).

The Ebola virus is responsible for an acute febrile illness, severe and often very deadly affects humans and primates. It produces a hemorrhagic fever similar characteristics to Argentina hemorrhagic fever (Junin virus). Is called hemorrhagic fever because it presents with high fever associated with generalized bleeding. (more…)

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The Future of Bionic Man (part 3)

Wednesday, January 20th, 2010

the future of bionic manIn 2001, the Dobelle Institute in New York developed an artificial eye can draw outlines of objects and therefore help the blind to distinguish their surroundings. The prosthesis consists of a pair of glasses on fixing a video camera and a detector distances. The camera records the environment and the sensor calculates the length distance that separates the individual from the obstacles. The information is sent to a small bag that is inside a computer. The computer cables are connected to the visual cortex, making up the optic nerve, brain perceives the forms of surrounding people and objects. The first tests are inconclusive because individuals achieve their independence.

José Sahel improved this technique, the institute’s director of vision of the Quinze-Vingts hospital in Paris. The computer is replaced by an electrode that connects directly into the eye. The images are taken by the camera present on the pair of glasses and send them directly to the microprocessor. The signal is sent directly to the optic nerve. No need to carry so many cables or over a computer. This discovery won him theAltran in 2007. Has still to be tested in people. (more…)

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The Future of Bionic Man (part 2)

Tuesday, January 19th, 2010

the future of bionic manThe next step is to enable amputees perceive new sensations such as temperature, pressure … The Applied Physics Laboratory at John Hopkins University plans to have prepared a prosthesis of this kind next year. From a team of researchers led by Douglas H. Smith, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, is engaged in developing an interface that links the prosthesis with the rest of the body. The problem lies in constructing a kind of nerve fiber network capable of sending information to the entire body.

The brain is the most complex organ in the body, fascinating in its plasticity and its ability to control the whole body. Researchers working on their understanding in order to help people with major disabilities to someday lead a normal life. ”

“Arise and walk”, this famous phrase that Christ told Lazarus is the name of a European program that began in 2000 and led the professor PierreRabischong, a researcher at INSERM, Montpellier . The objective of this project is to develop a technological mechanism to help people who are paralyzed by a member to develop some motor skills. (more…)

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The Future of Bionic Man (part 1)

Monday, January 18th, 2010

the future of bionic manBiotechnology applied to overcome disabilities

From pacemakers to hearing aids through artificial limbs. Technology has made so real feats of eliminating physical disabilities and disadvantages of people. “We are approaching the bionic man with whom he has always dreamed of science fiction?

For years, the biotechnology research works on the development of prosthetic devices that are capable of responding to the daily needs of people who wear them. Gone are the days of wooden legs and arms inert wax. Many businesses struggle to develop the next-generation prosthesis.

Associated since time immemorial to the war wounded, prostheses have never been able to replace the amputee limb function. It is very hard for people to “valid” get an idea of the difficulties to lead a “normal” life with one less member. You try to brush your teeth or dress with one hand. These seemingly trivial gestures are included in the daily struggle of people who lack a member. (more…)

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ARTIFICIAL ORGANS – The bionic man (part 2)

Saturday, January 16th, 2010

artificial organs - the bionic manRemove dentures

According to these experts, this technology will eliminate the metal prosthesis and plastic that are implanted today to repair bone fractures and ligaments and thus avoid all the inconveniences that accompany them. In industrialized countries, one in 17 people has some kind of prosthesis of this kind and the number of complaints received by failures medical implants is increasing. The tissue engineering will be able to make structural tissues as the breast, or shapes defined as an ear, and, ultimately, may rebuild entire sections of the human body as a hand or arm.

According to the authors, an arm made of scaffolding described cellular above, it would take about six weeks to grow. A mechanical pump is responsible temperature control, supply nutrients and remove wastes constituent tissue while the arm grows. The only problem, according to authors, would be the nerve. No one has, so far, regenerate tissue nervous. But researchers do not cease their efforts and in the meantime, the microelectronics can solve many of the problems and deal with major challenges. One of the biggest is the vision. (more…)

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ARTIFICIAL ORGANS – The bionic man (part 1)

Friday, January 15th, 2010

artificial organs - The bionic man

It is not science fiction, despite appearances. Rebuilding parts of the body man missing at birth or lost as a result of an accident, or Cancer is not only an inspiration to the writers of Star Trek, but for researchers from around of the world who already have at hand a handful amazing project based on serious scientific evidence.

Transplantation

Organ is no longer a novelty. Surgeons carry some 30 years so and, today, has become so common that the biggest obstacle to reinstate organs such as kidneys, heart or liver is not surgical technique itself, but the shortage of donors. Advances in Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering, in the manufacture of plastic materials and microelectronics portend a real future in which organs and tissues may be manufactured as, instead of moving from one body to another, in order to regain past form, for example, a breast mastectomy, an arm amputee, or even as sharp as structures an ear or a nose. (more…)

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Overview of Virus (part 4)

Thursday, January 14th, 2010

overview of virus8. Role in research

The main goal of biologists has been the molecular study of viruses and their interaction with the host cell. The study of bacteriophage replication in bacteria discovered the existence of messenger RNA, carrying the genetic code of DNA needed for protein synthesis. Studies with these viruses have also been instrumental in defining the biochemical factors that start and end the use of genetic information. Knowledge of the mechanisms of control of viral replication is critical to understanding the biochemical events in higher organisms.

The viruses are useful as model systems for studying the mechanisms that control genetic information, because in essence are small pieces of information. This allows scientists to study replication systems simpler and more manageable, but that function on the same principles as those of the host cell. Much of the research on the virus replicative pretends to know the mechanism to find and how to control growth and eliminate viral diseases. Studies on viral diseases have greatly contributed to understanding the body’s immune response against infectious agents. Studying this response have been thoroughly described serum antibodies and the secretions of mucous membranes, which help the body eliminate foreign elements such as viruses. Now, the scientific interest is focused on research designed to isolate certain viral genes. They could clone to produce large quantities of certain proteins, which would be used as vaccines. (more…)

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Overview of Virus (part 3)

Wednesday, January 13th, 2010

overview of virus5. Propagation

Viruses are spread from person to person, causing new cases of the disease. Many of them, as those responsible for influenza and measles, are transmitted by inhalation, through its dissemination in the infected droplets emitted by coughing and sneezing. Others, like those that cause diarrhea are spread by fecal-oral route. In other cases, the spread is through the bite of insects, such as yellow fever and arboviruses. Viral diseases may be endemic (specific to one area), affecting susceptible individuals, or epidemic, which appear in waves and attack much of the population. An example is the emergence of epidemic flu worldwide, almost always once a year.

6. Treatment

The treatments against viral infections are often not entirely satisfactory, since most of the drugs that kill viruses also affect cells in which they play. The alpha-adamantanamine is used in some countries to treat respiratory infections caused by influenza A and isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone, effective against smallpox. Certain substances similar to precursors of nucleic acids may be useful against severe herpes infections. (more…)

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